Scientific technique quiz with solutions pdf – your key to unlocking the secrets and techniques of scientific inquiry! Dive into the fascinating world of statement, speculation formation, experimentation, and knowledge evaluation. This complete useful resource will information you thru the elemental steps of the scientific technique, equipping you with the instruments to suppose critically and resolve issues systematically. From easy experiments to complicated analysis initiatives, this information will empower you to method challenges with scientific rigor and confidence.
This useful resource meticulously particulars the scientific technique’s core ideas, encompassing its essential steps and sensible functions throughout numerous disciplines. It gives a wealth of knowledge, from defining the strategy’s significance in scientific inquiry to showcasing real-world examples. The detailed breakdown of sorts of investigations, speculation formulation, experimental design, knowledge evaluation, and conclusion drawing will equip you with the mandatory data and abilities to excel in scientific endeavors.
Introduction to the Scientific Technique
The scientific technique is not some stuffy, dusty rulebook; it is a dynamic, thrilling course of that fuels discovery and understanding. Think about it as a roadmap for exploring the unknown, a collection of fastidiously deliberate steps to uncover hidden truths in regards to the universe. From the smallest atom to the biggest galaxy, the scientific technique supplies a structured technique to examine and interpret the world round us.
It is a journey of inquiry, statement, and relentless questioning, resulting in a deeper appreciation for the pure world.The scientific technique is greater than only a checklist of steps; it is a mindset. It encourages skepticism, important considering, and a willingness to revise our understanding based mostly on new proof. This iterative method is important in science as a result of it permits us to refine our data, right errors, and construct upon earlier discoveries.
It’s about repeatedly asking questions, testing hypotheses, and refining our fashions of actuality.
Key Steps of the Scientific Technique
The scientific technique is a robust software for tackling any thriller, massive or small. It includes a scientific method, progressing by means of distinct phases. Every step performs an important position in making certain the accuracy and reliability of the conclusions drawn.
- Remark: Cautious statement of the pure world is the preliminary spark that ignites the scientific course of. This would possibly contain noticing a peculiar sample in nature, a stunning phenomenon, or just questioning why one thing occurs the way in which it does. As an illustration, a farmer noticing that crops in a single a part of a subject are rising taller than others would possibly result in a collection of investigations.
- Query Formulation: From the statement, a exact query emerges. This query must be centered and testable. As an alternative of a broad query like “How do crops develop?”, a greater, extra centered query could be “Does the quantity of daylight have an effect on the expansion fee of tomato crops?”
- Speculation Formulation: A speculation is a proposed clarification for the noticed phenomenon. It is primarily an informed guess, based mostly on prior data and observations. speculation is testable and predicts a relationship between variables. For the tomato plant instance, a speculation may be: “If tomato crops obtain extra daylight, then they are going to develop taller.”
- Prediction: The speculation results in a prediction. This prediction specifies what’s going to occur if the speculation is right. For instance, if extra daylight results in taller crops, the prediction could be: “Tomato crops uncovered to eight hours of daylight will develop taller than these uncovered to 4 hours of daylight.” The prediction needs to be measurable.
- Experimentation: The experiment exams the prediction. It includes manipulating variables and punctiliously measuring the outcomes. Within the tomato plant instance, one group of crops could be uncovered to eight hours of daylight, and one other to 4 hours. All different situations, like water, soil, and vitamins, should be saved the identical for each teams to isolate the impact of daylight.
- Knowledge Evaluation: Knowledge collected throughout the experiment must be fastidiously analyzed to see if it helps or refutes the speculation. This evaluation includes calculating averages, creating graphs, and on the lookout for patterns. Do the outcomes present that crops uncovered to extra daylight grew taller? In that case, the info helps the speculation.
- Conclusion: The conclusion summarizes the outcomes of the experiment and signifies whether or not the speculation was supported or rejected. If the outcomes supported the speculation, it strengthens the understanding of the phenomenon. If not, the scientist would possibly must revise the speculation or design a brand new experiment.
The Scientific Technique in Motion
The scientific technique is not simply an summary idea; it is a sensible software that guides scientific discovery. Think about the event of vaccines. Observations of illness patterns led to questions on stop them. Hypotheses in regards to the position of weakened pathogens had been developed, examined, and refined by means of experiments. The information evaluation and conclusions led to the creation of life-saving vaccines.
The iterative nature of the scientific technique ensures that scientific data is consistently being refined and improved.
Abstract Desk of the Scientific Technique
| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| Remark | Cautious statement of the pure world. |
| Query Formulation | A particular, testable query in regards to the statement. |
| Speculation Formulation | A proposed clarification for the statement, typically in “if…then” format. |
| Prediction | An announcement of what is going to occur if the speculation is right. |
| Experimentation | Testing the prediction by manipulating variables and measuring outcomes. |
| Knowledge Evaluation | Analyzing the collected knowledge to see if it helps the speculation. |
| Conclusion | Summarizing the outcomes and figuring out whether or not the speculation was supported or rejected. |
Kinds of Scientific Investigations
Unraveling the mysteries of the universe typically requires greater than only a hunch. The scientific technique supplies a structured method to understanding the pure world. Several types of investigations, from meticulously managed experiments to cautious observations, contribute to the huge physique of scientific data. This part will discover the various strategies utilized by scientists to analyze the world round them.
Completely different Kinds of Investigations
Numerous scientific investigations make use of completely different approaches to collect and analyze knowledge. Experiments, observations, and surveys are three elementary varieties. Experiments contain manipulating variables to watch their results, whereas observations concentrate on recording pure phenomena with out intervention. Surveys accumulate knowledge from a pattern of people to grasp traits or opinions.
The Function of Variables
Variables play an important position in scientific investigations, particularly in experiments. Unbiased variables are elements which are manipulated by the researcher, whereas dependent variables are the elements which are measured to find out the impact of the unbiased variable. Managed variables are saved fixed to make sure that adjustments within the dependent variable are solely as a result of unbiased variable.
Comparability of Scientific Strategies
Completely different scientific strategies have distinctive traits that make them appropriate for particular investigations. Experimental investigations enable for the institution of cause-and-effect relationships, whereas observational research reveal patterns and correlations in nature. Surveys provide a technique to collect giant quantities of knowledge from numerous populations. The selection of technique is dependent upon the analysis query and the assets out there.
Examples in Completely different Disciplines
Scientific investigations are integral to many fields of examine. In biology, researchers would possibly observe the habits of animals of their pure habitats to grasp their interactions. In chemistry, managed experiments can decide the response charges of various chemical compounds.
Experimental vs. Observational Investigations
| Attribute | Experimental Investigation | Observational Investigation |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | To find out cause-and-effect relationships | To establish patterns and correlations |
| Technique | Manipulating unbiased variables and measuring dependent variables underneath managed situations | Recording observations with out manipulating variables |
| Variables | Unbiased, dependent, and managed variables | Variables are naturally occurring |
| Management | Excessive diploma of management over extraneous variables | Restricted management over extraneous variables |
| Functions | Drug testing, figuring out the results of fertilizer on plant progress | Finding out the connection between smoking and lung most cancers, analyzing the migration patterns of birds |
The Significance of Knowledge Assortment and Evaluation
Correct and dependable knowledge assortment is paramount in any scientific investigation. Applicable instruments and strategies should be employed to make sure the integrity of the info. Knowledge evaluation includes organizing, summarizing, and deciphering the collected data to attract significant conclusions.
Formulating Hypotheses and Predictions
Unraveling the mysteries of the pure world typically begins with a eager statement. Discover one thing peculiar about the way in which leaves change shade in autumn? Or maybe you surprise if a particular fertilizer boosts plant progress. These observations spark curiosity and lead us to formulate hypotheses – educated guesses about what may be taking place. These hypotheses, if well-crafted, can then be examined by means of experiments, permitting us to grasp the underlying mechanisms.
Crafting Testable Hypotheses
A speculation is a proposed clarification for an statement. It isn’t only a random guess; it is an informed supposition, based mostly on prior data and present theories. speculation is testable – that means you’ll be able to design an experiment to probably show or disprove it. Crucially, it needs to be particular and clearly outline the variables concerned. As an illustration, as a substitute of “fertilizer impacts plant progress,” a greater speculation could be “elevated nitrogen fertilizer focus will result in the next fee of plant progress.”
Formulating Predictions
A prediction logically flows from a speculation. It is primarily an announcement about what you count on to occur in case your speculation is right. Should you hypothesize that elevated fertilizer focus results in extra plant progress, your prediction may be “crops uncovered to greater concentrations of nitrogen fertilizer will exhibit considerably larger peak and leaf space in comparison with crops uncovered to decrease concentrations.” The prediction should be measurable and clearly hyperlink the unbiased and dependent variables.
Figuring out Variables
In any scientific investigation, understanding the variables is essential. The unbiased variable is the issue you manipulate or change within the experiment. Within the fertilizer instance, the unbiased variable is the focus of nitrogen fertilizer. The dependent variable is the issue you measure to see the way it’s affected by the unbiased variable. On this case, the dependent variables are plant peak and leaf space.
By controlling the unbiased variable and measuring the dependent variable, you’ll be able to decide if there is a relationship between them.
Examples of Hypotheses and Predictions
- Speculation: Publicity to daylight will increase the speed of photosynthesis in crops.
Prediction: Vegetation uncovered to greater ranges of daylight will produce extra oxygen than crops in decrease daylight situations. - Speculation: The kind of soil impacts the expansion fee of tomato crops.
Prediction: Tomato crops grown in nutrient-rich soil will present sooner progress charges in comparison with these grown in soil missing important vitamins. - Speculation: Elevated water availability will result in larger fruit yield in citrus bushes.
Prediction: Citrus bushes receiving extra frequent and considerable watering will produce extra fruit than bushes with much less water.
Evaluating Completely different Kinds of Hypotheses
| Sort of Speculation | Description | Instance |
|---|---|---|
| Null Speculation | An announcement that proposes no important relationship between variables. | Elevated fertilizer focus doesn’t have an effect on plant progress. |
| Different Speculation | An announcement that proposes a relationship between variables. | Elevated fertilizer focus positively correlates with plant progress. |
Experimental Design and Procedures
Embarking on a scientific journey typically begins with a burning query. To rework this curiosity into concrete data, a fastidiously designed experiment is important. This course of requires meticulous planning, exact execution, and insightful evaluation to uncover the hidden truths inside the pure world.
Managed Experiments
A cornerstone of scientific inquiry is the managed experiment. This method isolates particular variables to watch their influence on a phenomenon. By fastidiously manipulating one variable (the unbiased variable) whereas retaining others fixed (the managed variables), scientists can decide the impact of the manipulated variable on the result (the dependent variable). This managed surroundings permits for dependable conclusions about trigger and impact.
Significance of Controls and Variables
Controls and variables are the spine of a sturdy experiment. A management group, uncovered to a typical or baseline situation, supplies a benchmark for comparability. This significant component helps isolate the impact of the unbiased variable and confirm if any noticed change is as a result of manipulation or different elements. Unbiased variables are elements which are intentionally modified, and dependent variables are the outcomes measured in response to those adjustments.
Understanding the interaction between these parts is important for a well-executed experiment. As an illustration, in a examine on the impact of fertilizer on plant progress, the quantity of fertilizer is the unbiased variable, whereas the peak and yield of the plant are the dependent variables.
Knowledge Assortment Strategies
Numerous strategies exist for accumulating knowledge in scientific experiments. Observations, measurements, and surveys are elementary instruments. Quantitative knowledge, expressed numerically, is essential for exact evaluation, whereas qualitative knowledge, describing traits or attributes, supplies a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. The selection of knowledge assortment technique is dependent upon the character of the investigation. For instance, to measure the impact of sunshine on plant progress, quantitative measurements of peak and leaf space are employed, whereas qualitative observations of leaf shade and stem texture are recorded.
Using a number of knowledge assortment strategies typically enhances the depth and validity of findings.
Examples of Experimental Procedures
As an instance the sensible utility of experimental design, think about a couple of examples. In a examine inspecting the impact of various kinds of soil on plant progress, numerous soil varieties could be used because the unbiased variable. In a examine on the impact of various kinds of gentle on plant progress, various kinds of gentle are employed because the unbiased variable.
The plant progress and well being might be measured as dependent variables in each examples. One other instance may very well be investigating the influence of various concentrations of a chemical on bacterial progress. On this experiment, the focus of the chemical acts because the unbiased variable, and the bacterial progress fee or colony measurement serves because the dependent variable.
Steps in Designing an Experiment
| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| 1. Drawback Identification | Clearly outline the query or downside you need to examine. |
| 2. Background Analysis | Collect details about the subject to formulate a speculation. |
| 3. Speculation Formulation | Suggest a testable assertion in regards to the relationship between variables. |
| 4. Experimental Design | Artikel the process, together with variables, controls, and knowledge assortment strategies. |
| 5. Knowledge Assortment | Collect knowledge utilizing applicable strategies and devices. |
| 6. Knowledge Evaluation | Analyze the collected knowledge to find out if the speculation is supported or refuted. |
| 7. Conclusion | Summarize the findings and draw conclusions based mostly on the evaluation. |
Knowledge Assortment and Evaluation
Unveiling the secrets and techniques hidden inside knowledge is a vital step within the scientific course of. Cautious assortment and insightful evaluation remodel uncooked observations into significant patterns and traits. This section bridges the hole between speculation and conclusion, permitting us to carefully check our assumptions. Knowledge, when correctly dealt with, turns into a robust software, guiding us in the direction of a deeper understanding of the pure world.
Strategies for Amassing and Recording Knowledge, Scientific technique quiz with solutions pdf
Correct knowledge assortment is paramount. This includes using applicable devices, calibrated to make sure precision. Detailed data are important, documenting not solely the measurements but additionally the situations underneath which they had been taken. Constant methodology throughout all trials is important to keep away from introducing bias and guarantee dependable outcomes. A well-maintained lab pocket book serves as a meticulous file, preserving the integrity of the info assortment course of.
Knowledge should be recorded with meticulous consideration to element and utilizing applicable items.
Strategies for Organizing and Representing Knowledge
Organizing collected knowledge is important for significant interpretation. Tables, for instance, excel at presenting structured data, permitting straightforward comparability and identification of relationships between variables. Graphs, equivalent to line graphs, bar graphs, and scatter plots, visually depict traits and patterns within the knowledge. They provide a robust means to rapidly grasp the general image and spotlight any notable relationships.
Knowledge Evaluation Methods
Knowledge evaluation strategies, equivalent to calculating averages, customary deviations, and correlations, assist establish important traits and patterns inside the knowledge. These strategies reveal underlying relationships and assist the drawing of legitimate conclusions. Statistical evaluation instruments and software program present highly effective assist in evaluating the importance of the findings and assist in forming conclusions.
Examples of Knowledge Evaluation Methods and Their Functions
A typical method is calculating the imply (common) of a set of knowledge. That is precious in figuring out the central tendency of a dataset. Commonplace deviation measures the dispersion or unfold of knowledge factors across the imply. A excessive customary deviation signifies larger variability within the knowledge, whereas a low customary deviation suggests the info factors are clustered tightly across the imply.
Correlation evaluation investigates the connection between two variables. A constructive correlation means that as one variable will increase, the opposite tends to extend as properly, and vice versa for a detrimental correlation.
Desk Illustrating Completely different Methods to Characterize Knowledge
| Knowledge Illustration | Description | Instance |
|---|---|---|
| Desk | Organizes knowledge in rows and columns, facilitating comparability. | A desk itemizing the peak and weight of various crops. |
| Line Graph | Exhibits traits and adjustments over time. | Graph depicting the expansion of a plant over a number of weeks. |
| Bar Graph | Compares completely different classes or teams. | Graph evaluating the variety of flowers of various colours in a backyard. |
| Scatter Plot | Exhibits the connection between two variables. | Plot exhibiting the connection between the quantity of daylight and plant progress. |
Drawing Conclusions and Reporting Findings
Unveiling the secrets and techniques of your experiments is not simply in regards to the journey; it is in regards to the vacation spot—drawing conclusions and sharing your findings with the world. This significant step validates your speculation and provides to the collective scientific data. It is like fixing a puzzle; you have gathered the items, now it is time to assemble them and see the larger image.The method of drawing conclusions is not nearly stating the apparent; it is about meticulously analyzing the outcomes and evaluating them to your preliminary speculation.
Did your observations assist or refute your predictions? A considerate examination of the info is paramount. This step is the place you interpret the proof and join the dots to type a complete understanding of your analysis.
Evaluating the Speculation
A important element of drawing conclusions includes evaluating the speculation in gentle of the experimental outcomes. If the outcomes align with the predictions, the speculation features energy. Conversely, if the outcomes contradict the predictions, the speculation would possibly want revision and even rejection. This doesn’t suggest failure; it is a chance for refinement and an opportunity to discover new avenues of inquiry.
The method is cyclical, iterative, and important for scientific development. For instance, if you happen to hypothesize {that a} new fertilizer will increase plant progress, however your outcomes present no important distinction, you would possibly re-evaluate the fertilizer’s composition, utility technique, or different related elements.
Reporting Scientific Findings
Correct and clear reporting of scientific findings is significant for the development of data. Publishing ends in peer-reviewed journals permits different scientists to scrutinize the work, replicate experiments, and construct upon the present physique of analysis. This ensures that scientific data is rigorously examined and validated.
Presenting Scientific Findings
Clear and concise presentation of findings is essential. A well-structured report or publication successfully communicates the analysis course of, outcomes, and conclusions. Think about these parts:
- Introduction: Briefly state the issue, background, analysis query, and speculation.
- Strategies: Element the experimental design, supplies used, and procedures adopted. That is essential for reproducibility. Be particular. Embody particulars about pattern measurement, measurement strategies, and any controls.
- Outcomes: Current the info objectively. Tables and figures are sometimes useful to visually characterize the info, highlighting traits and patterns. Keep away from subjective interpretations on this part.
- Dialogue: Analyze the outcomes, focus on their implications, and examine them to earlier analysis. Tackle any limitations of the examine and recommend future instructions. As an illustration, if the examine had limitations on account of a small pattern measurement, this needs to be acknowledged within the dialogue.
Pattern Report Format
A well-structured report enhances readability and readability. Here is a pattern format, outlining important parts:
| Part | Content material |
|---|---|
| Introduction | Drawback assertion, background, analysis query, speculation. |
| Strategies | Experimental design, supplies, procedures, controls, and knowledge assortment strategies. |
| Outcomes | Knowledge presentation utilizing tables, graphs, and figures. Statistical analyses. |
| Dialogue | Interpretation of outcomes, comparability with earlier analysis, limitations, and future instructions. |
A well-organized report, like a well-constructed argument, makes your analysis accessible and impactful. This method fosters a deeper understanding of the analysis and permits for larger scrutiny and potential replication.
Examples and Functions: Scientific Technique Quiz With Solutions Pdf
The scientific technique is not only a textbook idea; it is a highly effective software used each day by scientists and even on a regular basis folks. It is a dynamic course of, continually adapting and evolving as our understanding of the world deepens. Let’s discover some fascinating real-world functions of this technique.The great thing about the scientific technique lies in its versatility. From unraveling the mysteries of the cosmos to tackling on a regular basis issues, it supplies a structured framework for understanding and fixing issues.
We’ll see how this framework interprets into sensible functions throughout numerous disciplines.
Actual-World Examples in Drugs
Medical breakthroughs typically stem from rigorous utility of the scientific technique. Think about the event of a brand new drug. Researchers meticulously observe sufferers, formulate hypotheses about drug mechanisms, design managed experiments, accumulate knowledge, and analyze outcomes. This course of, repeated numerous instances, results in the potential approval of a life-saving drugs. As an illustration, the event of vaccines, just like the COVID-19 vaccine, concerned rigorous trials and meticulous knowledge evaluation.
Observations of viral habits, hypotheses about vaccine efficacy, fastidiously designed trials, and the gathering and evaluation of affected person knowledge had been essential steps within the course of.
Scientific Technique in Engineering
Engineers leverage the scientific technique to design and optimize buildings, resolve sensible issues, and create progressive options. Take, for instance, the design of a extra fuel-efficient automobile. Engineers observe present designs, formulate hypotheses about potential enhancements, conduct experiments on completely different designs, accumulate knowledge on efficiency metrics, and analyze outcomes to refine their designs. The iterative means of statement, speculation formation, testing, and refinement permits for steady enchancment and innovation.
Examples Throughout Scientific Disciplines
The scientific technique transcends particular fields. In astronomy, scientists observe celestial our bodies, formulate hypotheses about their origins and evolution, design experiments to check these hypotheses, accumulate knowledge from telescopes and area missions, and analyze the outcomes. In environmental science, researchers observe adjustments in ecosystems, formulate hypotheses in regards to the causes, conduct experiments in managed environments, accumulate knowledge on numerous environmental elements, and analyze the influence of human actions on the pure world.
These examples showcase the universality of the scientific technique.
On a regular basis Functions of the Scientific Technique
Surprisingly, the scientific technique can be a useful software for on a regular basis problem-solving. Think about making an attempt to troubleshoot a malfunctioning equipment. You observe the signs, formulate hypotheses in regards to the trigger, check potential options (like checking the ability provide or changing a fuse), accumulate knowledge (like noting if the equipment works after every step), and analyze the outcomes to establish the difficulty.
This iterative course of is a direct utility of the scientific technique.
Detailed Instance of a Scientific Investigation
Think about you discover that your crops aren’t rising in addition to they used to. You observe that they appear to be wilting extra rapidly. You hypothesize that the soil is not offering sufficient water. To check this, you create two teams of crops. One group will get the standard quantity of water (management group), and the opposite group will get an elevated quantity of water (experimental group).
You monitor the expansion of each teams over a month. You accumulate knowledge on the peak and well being of every plant. Lastly, you analyze the info. If the experimental group reveals considerably higher progress, your speculation is supported. If not, you would possibly discover different hypotheses, like adjusting the quantity of daylight or fertilizer.
Evaluation and Follow
Let’s put your scientific technique data to the check! This part supplies a collection of partaking actions to solidify your understanding and hone your abilities. We’ll transfer from multiple-choice challenges to open-ended explorations, culminating in sensible workout routines that apply the strategy to real-world eventualities. Get able to embrace the thrill of scientific inquiry!
A number of-Alternative Questions
These questions will assess your comprehension of the scientific technique’s core ideas. Reply them thoughtfully, and do not be afraid to revisit the earlier sections if wanted. Bear in mind, the objective is to grasp the method, not simply discover the right reply.
- A scientist observes that crops grown underneath fluorescent lights are taller than these grown underneath incandescent lights. What’s the subsequent logical step within the scientific technique?
- A. Formulate a speculation about why the crops are taller.
- B. Ignore the statement and transfer on to a different experiment.
- C. Focus on the statement with colleagues.
- D. Instantly conclude that fluorescent lights trigger taller crops.
- Which of those statements finest describes a scientific speculation?
- A. A guess that will or will not be right.
- B. A definitive assertion that’s at all times true.
- C. A idea that has been confirmed past any doubt.
- D. A testable clarification for an statement.
- What’s the essential component of a well-designed experiment?
- A. Utilizing solely the gear you will have out there.
- B. Guaranteeing all variables are managed besides the unbiased variable.
- C. Acquiring outcomes that assist your speculation.
- D. Avoiding any potential errors or bias.
Detailed Explanations
Understanding the reasoning behind the right solutions is essential to mastery. Let’s discover the rationale behind every choice.
- The proper reply for the primary query is A. Formulating a speculation is the pure development. Choices B, C, and D characterize flawed approaches to the scientific technique. Transferring on to the subsequent step requires a centered clarification for the statement.
- The proper reply for the second query is D. A speculation should be testable, and it ought to clarify an statement in a approach that may be verified or refuted. Choices A, B, and C don’t seize the essence of a scientific speculation.
- The proper reply for the third query is B. Controlling variables, apart from the one being examined, permits for a transparent willpower of trigger and impact. Choices A, C, and D are usually not essential parts that straight relate to the integrity of the experimental design.
Open-Ended Questions for Dialogue
These questions encourage deeper considering and important evaluation. Think about the broader implications and functions of the scientific technique in your responses.
- How would possibly the scientific technique be utilized to resolve a social downside, like lowering air pollution in a metropolis? What are the potential challenges and alternatives?
- Focus on the position of skepticism and peer assessment within the scientific course of. How do these parts contribute to the reliability of scientific findings?
Sensible Workouts
Making use of the scientific technique to real-world eventualities is essential for creating sensible abilities.
- Design a easy experiment to check the impact of various kinds of fertilizer on plant progress. Artikel your speculation, process, anticipated outcomes, and potential sources of error.
- Examine an area challenge, just like the declining inhabitants of a specific fowl species, and suggest a scientific method to understanding the issue and potential options. Formulate hypotheses, establish key variables, and recommend potential strategies for knowledge assortment.
Reply Key
| Query | Right Reply |
|---|---|
| 1 | A |
| 2 | D |
| 3 | B |
